What is the difference between Communism, Socialism, Capitalism, Theocracy, Pro-Black, Black Nationalism, Pan-Afrikanism, Afrikan-Centeredness, and Afrikan Communalism?

What is the difference between Communism, Socialism, Capitalism, Theocracy, Black Nationalism, Pan-Afrikanism, and Afrikan-Centeredness, and Afrikan Communalism?

What is Communism?

Everything is owned by the Oligarchy and the Plutocracy. And everyone works toward the same communal goal. There are no wealthy and poor classes. Instead, all are equal. Production from the community is distributed based upon need, not by effort or amount of work. It is expected that the basic needs for each worker are met by the community, and there is no more to be obtained through working more than what is required. For example, if a worker puts in more time at work, he sees no additional reward, and production is minimally affected. The worker receives the same stipend and ration as before. Therefore, this type of economy often results in poor production, mass poverty, and little advancement. This occurred in the 1980s to the Soviet Union when poverty became so widespread, and rebellions and revolutions caused a dissolution of the nation. The Oligarchy and the Plutocracy own and control the Government. It owns and controls the companies. They own and control the Banks, the Military apparatus, the Media, Educational System, the Financial Institutions.

By David Floyd | Updated January 5, 2018 — 12:45 PM EST

Read more: What is the difference between Communism and Socialism? | Investopedia https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100214/what-difference-between-communism-and-socialism.asp#ixzz5NJlr8HkC 

Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook

https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100214/what-difference-between-communism-and-socialism.asp

Read more: What is the difference between Communism and Socialism? | Investopedia https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100214/what-difference-between-communism-and-socialism.asp#ixzz5NJlr8HkC
Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook

:

A: Communism and socialism are umbrella terms referring to two left-wing schools of economic thought; both oppose capitalism. These ideologies have inspired various social and political movements since the 19^th century. Several countries have been or are currently governed by parties calling themselves communist or socialist, though these parties’ policies and rhetoric vary widely.

As an ideology, communism is generally regarded as hard-left, making fewer concessions to market capitalism and electoral democracy than do most forms of socialism. As a system of government, communism tends to center on a one-party state that bans most forms of political dissent. These two usages of the term “communism” – one referring to theory, the other to politics as they are practiced – need not overlap: China’s ruling Communist Party has an explicitly pro-market capitalist orientation and pays only lip service to the Maoist ideology whose purist adherents (Peru’s Shining Path in its heyday, for example) regard Chinese authorities as bourgeois counterrevolutionaries. (See also, Why Populist Leaders Are Great for Stocks.)

Socialism can refer to a vast swath of the political spectrum, in theory and in practice. Its intellectual history is more varied than that of communism: the Communist Manifesto devotes a chapter to criticizing the half-dozen forms of socialism already in existence at the time, and proponents have taken just about every left-of-center stance on the ideal (or best achievable) structure of economic and political systems.

Socialists can be pro- or anti-market. They may consider the ultimate goal to be revolution and the abolition of social classes, or they may seek more pragmatic outcomes: universal healthcare, for example, or a universal pension scheme. Social Security is a socialist policy that has been adopted in the unabashedly capitalist U.S. (as are the eight-hour working day, free public education and arguably universal suffrage). Socialists may run for election, forming coalitions with non-socialist parties, as they do in Europe, or they may govern as authoritarians, as the Chavista regime does in Venezuela.

Defining Communism and Socialism

To better understand the slippery distinctions between communism and socialism, let’s trace the history of both terms.

Communism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism

Communism traces its roots to “The Communist Manifesto,” an 1848 pamphlet by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The document laid out a theory of history as a struggle between economic classes, which will inevitably come to a head through a violent overthrow of capitalist society, just as feudal society was violently overthrown during the French Revolution, paving the way for bourgeois hegemony (the bourgeoisie is the class that controls the means of economic production).

Following the communist revolution, Marx argued, workers (the proletariat) would take control of the means of production. After a period of transition, the government would fade away, as workers build a classless society and an economy based on common ownership. Production and consumption would reach an equilibrium: “from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.” Religion and the family, institutions of social control that were used to subjugate the working class, would go the way of the government and private ownership. (See  3 Lessons Karl Marx Teaches Us.)

Marx’s revolutionary ideology inspired 20^th-century movements that fought for, and in some cases won, control of governments. The Bolshevik revolution in 1917 overthrew the Russian czar and following a civil war established the Soviet Union, a nominally communist empire that collapsed in 1991. The Soviet Union was only “nominally” communist because, while ruled by the Communist Party, it did not achieve a classless, stateless society in which the population collectively owned the means of production. (See also, Command Economy.)

In fact, for the first four decades of the Soviet Union’s existence, the Party explicitly acknowledged that it had not created a communist society. Until 1961, the Party’s official stance was that the Soviet Union was governed by the “dictatorship of the proletariat,” an intermediate stage along the inevitable progression towards the final stage of human evolution: true communism. In 1961, Premier Nikita Krushchev declared that the Soviet state had begun “withering away,” though it would persist for another three decades. When it did collapse in 1991, it was supplanted by a nominally democratic, capitalist system.

No 20^th– or 21^st-century communist state has created the post-scarcity economy Marx promised in the 19^th century. More often, the result has been acute scarcity: tens of millions of people died as a result of famine and political violence after the People’s Republic of China was established in 1949, for example. Rather than eliminating class, China’s and Russia’s communist revolutions created small, enormously wealthy Party cliques that profited from connections to state-owned enterprises. Cuba, Laos, North Korea and Vietnam, the world’s only remaining communist states (with the exception of de facto capitalist China), have a combined gross domestic product (GDP) roughly the size of Tennessee’s.

What is Socialism?

Everything is owned by the Oligarchy and the Plutocracy. Equality is the main focus. Instead of the workers owning the facilities and tools for production, workers are paid and allowed to spend their wages as they choose, while the governing body owns and operates the means of production for the benefit of the working class. Each worker is provided with necessities so he is able to produce without worry for his basic needs. Still, advancement and production are limited because there is no incentive to achieve more. Without motivation to succeed, such as the ability to own an income-producing business, workers’ human instincts prohibit drive and desire that is produced through such incentives. The Oligarchy and the Plutocracy own all of the companies and control the Government. They own and control the Banks, the Military apparatus, the Media, Educational System, the Financial Institutions.

Socialism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism

Socialism predates the Communist Manifesto by a few decades. Early versions of socialist thought were articulated by Henri de Saint-Simon (1760-1825), who was himself an admirer of ur-capitalist Adam Smith, but whose followers developed utopian socialism; Robert Owen (1771-1858); Charles Fourier (1772-1837); Pierre Leroux (1797-1871); and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865), who is famous for declaring that “property is theft.”

These thinkers put forward ideas such as a more egalitarian distribution of wealth, a sense of solidarity among the working class, better working conditions, and common ownership of productive resources such as land and manufacturing equipment. Some called for the state to take a central role in production and distribution. They were contemporary with early workers’ movements such as the Chartists, who pushed for universal male suffrage in Britain in the 1840s and 1850s. A number of experimental communities were founded based on the early socialists’ utopian ideals; most were short-lived. (See also, What Exactly Is a Socialist Economy?)

Marxism emerged in this milieu. Engels called it “scientific socialism” to distinguish it from the “feudal,” “petty-bourgeois,” “German,” “conservative” and “critical-utopian” strains the Communist Manifesto singled out for criticism. Socialism was a diffuse bundle of competing ideologies in its early days, and it stayed that way. Part of the reason is that the first chancellor of newly unified Germany, Otto von Bismarck, stole the socialists’ thunder when he implemented a number of their policies. Bismarck was no friend to socialist ideologues, whom he called “enemies of the Reich,” but he created the West’s first welfare state and implemented universal male suffrage in order to head off the left’s ideological challenge.

Since the 19^thcentury, a hard-left brand of socialism has advocated radical societal overhaul – if not an outright proletarian revolution – that would redistribute power and wealth along more equitable lines. Strains of anarchism have also been present in this more radical wing of the socialist intellectual tradition. Perhaps as a result of Bismarck’s grand bargain, however, many socialists have seen gradual political change as the means to improving society. Such “reformists,” as hardliners call them, were often aligned with “social gospel” Christian movements in the early 20^thcentury. They logged a number of policy victories: regulations mandating workplace safety, minimum wages, pension schemes, social insurance, universal healthcare and a range of other public services, which are generally funded by relatively high taxes.

After the world wars, socialist parties became a dominant political force in much of Western Europe. Along with communism, various forms of socialism were heavily influential in the newly decolonized countries of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, where leaders and intellectuals recast socialist ideas in a local mold – or vice-versa. Islamic socialism, for example, centers on zakat, the requirement that pious Muslims give away a portion of their accumulated wealth. Meanwhile socialists across the rich world aligned themselves with a range of liberation movements. In the U.S., many, though by no means all, feminist and civil rights leaders have espoused aspects of socialism.

On the other hand, socialism has acted as an incubator for movements that are generally labeled far-right. European fascists in the 1920s and 1930s adopted socialist ideas, though they phrased them in nationalist terms: economic redistribution to the workers specifically meant Italian or German workers and then only a certain, narrow type of Italian or German. In today’s political contests, echoes of socialism – or economic populism, to critics – are easily discernible on the both the right and left. 

See also The History of Economic Thought.

Read more: What is the difference between Communism and Socialism? | Investopedia https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100214/what-difference-between-communism-and-socialism.asp#ixzz5NJloF1fh
Follow us: Investopedia on Facebook

What is Capitalism?

Capitalism is private ownership and class inequality. In Capitalism, reward comes with some limitation to workers who exceed the normal minimums. When there is excess production, the owner can freely keep it, and he has no obligations to share his profits with anyone else. A capitalist environment facilitates competition, and the result is some degree of advancement opportunity. That advancement is based largely on several key factors, primarily on race and gender. It requires for there to be  1% of the elite, who are on the top and 98% who are on the bottom. There are an Oligarchy and a Plutocracy that owns and controls most of the companies and generally controls all Capitalist governments. Oligarchies and a Plutocracies generally own and control the Banks, the Military apparatus, the Media, Educational System, the Courts and Legal apparatus, the Financial Institutions, Wall Street, etc., and bribe all of the Politicians.
• ol·i·gar·chy1
/ˈäləˌɡärkē/ 
noun
1. a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution:
Powered by Oxford Dictionaries · © Oxford University Press

• plu·toc·ra·cy1
  /plo͞oˈtäkrəsē/ 
  noun
  1. government by the wealthy.
  Powered by Oxford Dictionaries · © Oxford University Press

Capitalism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism

noun

cap·​i·​tal·​ism | \ ˈka-pə-tə-ˌliz-əm  , ˈkap-tə-\

Definition of capitalism

: an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capitalism

Capitalism, Its Characteristics, with Pros and Cons

How It Works Compared to Socialism and Communism

BY KIMBERLY AMADEO

https://www.thebalance.com/capitalism-characteristics-examples-pros-cons-3305588

Updated May 26, 2019

Capitalism is an economic system where private entities own the factors of production. The four factors involved in capitalism are entrepreneurship, capital goods, natural resources, and labor. The owners of capital goods, natural resources, and entrepreneurship exercise control through the companies they form. The individual owns his or her labor. The only exception is slavery, where someone else owns a person’s labor.

Although illegal throughout the entire world, slavery is still widely practiced. 

Characteristics of Capitalism

Capitalistic ownership means two things. First, the owners control the factors of production. Second, they derive their income from their ownership. That gives them the ability to operate their companies efficiently. It also provides them with the incentive to maximize profit. This incentive is why many capitalists say “Greed is good.”

In corporations, the shareholders are the owners. Their level of control depends on how many shares they own. The shareholders elect a board of directors. They hire chief executives to manage the company.

Capitalism requires a free market economy to succeed. It distributes goods and services according to the laws of supply and demand. The law of demand says that when demand increases for a particular product, price rises. When competitors realize they can make a higher profit, they increase production.

The greater supply reduces prices to a level where only the best competitors remain. 

The owners of supply compete against each other for the highest profit. They sell their goods at the highest possible price while keeping their costs as low as possible. Competition keeps prices moderate and production efficient.

Another component of capitalism is the free operation of the capital markets. That means the laws of supply and demand set fair prices for stocks, bonds, derivatives, currency, and commodities. Capital markets allow companies to raise funds to expand. Companies distribute profits among the owners. They include investors, stockholders, and private owners.

Laissez-faire economic theory says the government should take a “hands-off” approach to capitalism. It should intervene only to maintain a level playing field. The government role is to protect the free market. It should prevent the unfair advantages obtained by monopolies or oligarchies. It ought to prevent manipulation of information, making sure it is distributed equitably.

Part of protecting the market is keeping order with national defense.  The government should also maintain infrastructure. It taxes capital gains and income to pay for these goals. Global governmental bodies adjudicate international trade.

Advantages of Capitalism 

Capitalism results in the best products for the best prices. That’s because consumers will pay more for what they want the most. Businesses provide what customers want at the highest prices they’ll pay.

Prices are kept low by competition among businesses. They make their products as efficient as possible to maximize profit.

Most important for economic growth is capitalism’s intrinsic reward for innovation. This includes innovation in more efficient production methods. It also means the innovation of new products. As Steve Jobs said, “You can’t just ask customers what they want and then try to give that to them. By the time you get it built, they’ll want something new.”

Disadvantages of Capitalism 

Capitalism doesn’t provide for those who lack competitive skills. This includes the elderly, children, the developmentally disabled, and caretakers. To keep society functioning, capitalism requires government policies that value the family unit.

Despite the idea of a “level playing field,” capitalism does not promote equality of opportunity.

Those without good nutrition, support, and education may never make it to the playing field. Society will never benefit from their valuable skills. 

In the short term, inequality may seem to be in the best interest of capitalism’s winners. They have fewer competitive threats. They may also use their power to “rig the system” by creating barriers to entry. For example, they will donate to elected officials who sponsor laws that benefit their industry. They could send their children to private schools while supporting lower taxes for public schools.

In the long term, inequality limits diversity and the innovation it creates. For example, a diverse business team is more able to identify market niches. It can understand the needs of society’s minorities, and target products to meet those needs. 

Capitalism ignores external costs, such as pollution and climate change. This makes goods cheaper and more accessible in the short run. But over time, it depletes natural resources, lowers the quality of life in the affected areas, and increases costs for everyone. The government should impose Pigouvian taxes to monetize these external costs and improve the general welfare.

Some critics say these problems are signs of late-stage capitalism. They argue that capitalism’s flaws mean it has evolved past its usefulness to society. They don’t realize that capitalism’s flaws are endemic to the system, regardless of the phase it is in.

America’s Founding Fathers included the promotion of general welfare in the Constitution to balance these flaws. It instructed the government to protect the rights of all to pursue their idea of happiness as outlined in the American Dream. It’s the government’s role to create a level playing field to allow that to happen.

Difference Between Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, and Fascism

Capitalism vs. Socialism

Proponents of socialism say their system evolves from capitalism. It improves upon it by providing a direct route between citizens and the goods and services they want. The people as a whole own the factors of production instead of individual business owners.

Many socialistic governments own oil, gas, and other energy-related companies. It’s strategic for a government to control these profitable industries. The government collects the profit instead of corporate taxes on a private oil company. It distributes these profits in government spending programs. These state-owned companies still compete with private ones in the global economy. 

Capitalism Versus Communism

Communism evolves beyond both socialism and capitalism, according to theorists. The government provides everyone with a minimum standard of living. That’s guaranteed, regardless of their economic contribution. 

Most societies in the modern world have elements of all three systems. This blend of systems is called a mixed economy. Elements of capitalism also occur in some traditional and command economies. 

Capitalism Versus Fascism

Capitalism and fascism both allow private ownership of businesses. Capitalism gives those owners free rein to produce goods and services demanded by consumers. Fascism follows nationalism, requiring business owners to put national interests first. Companies must follow the orders of the central planners.  

Capitalism and Democracy

Monetarist economist Milton Friedman suggested that democracy can only exist in a capitalistic society. But many countries have socialist economic components and a democratically-elected government. Others are communist but have thriving economies thanks to capitalistic elements. Examples include China and Vietnam. Some others are capitalist and governed by monarchs, oligarchs, or despots.

The United States is mostly capitalistic. The federal government does not own corporations. One important reason is that the U.S. Constitution protects the free market. For example:

• Article I, Section 8 establishes the protection of innovation through copyright.
• Article I, Sections 9 and 10 protects free enterprise and freedom of choice. It prohibits states from taxing each other’s production.
• Amendment IV prohibits unreasonable government searches and seizures, thereby protecting private property.
• Amendment V protects the ownership of private property.
• Amendment XIV prohibits the government from taking property without due process of law.
• Amendments IX and X limit the government’s power to those outlined explicitly in the Constitution. All other powers not mentioned are conferred to the people.

The Preamble of the Constitution sets forth a goal to “promote the general welfare.” It requires the government to take a more significant role than that prescribed by a pure market economy. That’s why America has many social safety programs, such as Social Security, food stamps, and Medicare. 

Examples of Capitalism

The United States is one example of capitalism, but it’s not the best. In fact, it doesn’t even rank within the top 10 countries with the freest markets. That’s according to both Global Finance Magazine and The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank. They based their ranking on nine variables. These include​ a lack of corruption, low debt levels, and protection of property rights. 

The top 10 most capitalistic countries are:

1. Hong Kong
2. Singapore
3. New Zealand
4. Switzerland
5. Australia
6. Ireland
7. Estonia
8. United Kingdom
9. Canada
10. United Arab Emirates

The United States ranks 18th. Its weak spots are in business freedom and property rights. Its immense national debt also limits fiscal policy. It’s created a future tax burden that will restrict taxpayer freedom. 

 What is a Theocracy?

It is a Government or organization where the rulership, usually Priest, Ministers, Pastors, etc., and are governed by a particular religion or the trappings and/or semblance of a particular religion.
• the·oc·ra·cy1
/THēˈäkrəsē/ 
noun
1. a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
Powered by Oxford Dictionaries · © Oxford University Press

What is the definition of the term Pro-Black?

Many people claim to be ‘Pro-Black’ without understanding exactly what that term means. Being ‘Pro-Black’ means being for anything and everything that supports, sustains, maintains, uplifts that which is in the best interests of the collective group of Black people. Being Pro-Black defines what you are for. And, by extension, it also defines what you are against too if you are clear about what you are for. When I hear someone say, ‘I’m Pro-Black’, I’m not ‘Anti-white’. How is ‘sleeping with the enemy’ in our best interests collectively? If we go to war with Caucasians (or Arabs, Chinese, etc.,) which appears to be inevitable, which side will your mate choose when the killing starts? Can your mate really be entrusted with vital information that would help defeat the enemy (their people), or will they take that entrusted information back to our mortal enemies to help defeat Black people? In fact, can we even trust that Black person when the time comes to kill those who don’t look like us? When I hear someone pushing narratives coming from the LGBTQIA organizations and those who adhere to those behaviors I know that person is not Pro-Black’ because none of those behaviors being advocated by the LGBTQIA is in the best interests of the collective of Black people. So, are you really ‘Pro-Black’?

What is Black Nationalism?

Black Nationalism entails our having our own Nation state, where we have our own government. The question becomes what type of government should we live under? When we understand our History, Spirituality, and Culture, we must conclude that Afrikan Communalism is best for us, as Afrikan people. It is the very first government that ever existed, and is based on the idea that we all must work collectively for the betterment of ourselves and each other. A more in-dept analysis can be studied in the book entitled, “The Destruction Of Black Civilization: Great Issues Of A Race From 4500 B.C.—2000 A.D.” by Dr. Chancellor Williams pp170-175. Also read the book entitled, “Enemies: The Clash Of Races” by Haki Madhubuti, particularly the chapter entitled, “Sino/Soviet Influence in Afrika: Altruism Or Business As Usual”

• Black Na·tion·al·ism1
  noun
  1. the advocacy of separate national status for black people, especially in the US.
  Powered by Oxford Dictionaries · © Oxford University Press

Black Nationalism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_nationalism

Black nationalism advocates a racial definition of national identity, as opposed to multiculturalism. There are different indigenous nationalist philosophies but the principles of all Black nationalist ideologies are unity, and self-determination or independence from European society.

Martin Delany is considered to be the grandfather of Black nationalism. Inspired by the apparent success of the Haitian Revolution, the origins of Black and African indigenous nationalism in political thought lie in the 19th century with people like Marcus Garvey, Henry McNeal Turner, Martin Delany, Henry Highland Garnet, Edward Wilmot Blyden, Paul Cuffe, etc.

The repatriation of African American slaves to Liberia or Sierra Leone was a common Black nationalist theme in the 19th century. Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association of the 1910s and 1920s was the most powerful black nationalist movement to date, claiming 11 million members.

According to Wilson Jeremiah Moses in his famous work Classical Black Nationalism, Black Nationalism as a philosophy can be examined from three different periods giving rise to various ideological perspectives for what we can today consider what Black nationalism really is.

https://www.definitions.net/definition/BLACK%20NATIONALISM

Black Nationalism

WORD ORIGIN

noun (often initial capital letters)

a social and political movement advocating the separation of blacks and whites and self-government for black people.

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/black-nationalism

 Examples of Black Nationalist in a Sentence

In response to the violence towards and killing of black people, the Black Panthers, a black nationalist group, start to explore the Second Amendment as a means to help keep aggressive police officers in check.— Victoria Rodriguez, Seventeen, “A Timeline of the Second Amendment and Gun Control in the U.S.,” 1 May 2019

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/black%20nationalist

What is Pan-Afrikanism?

Pan-Afrikanism is the unification of Afrikan people on the continent, as well as in the Diaspora.
• Pan-Af·ri·can·ism1
/panˈafrəkəˌnizəm/ 
noun
1. the principle or advocacy of the political union of all the indigenous inhabitants of Africa and in the Diaspora.
Powered by Oxford Dictionaries · © Oxford University Press

What is Afrikan-Centeredness?
Being ‘Afrikan-Centered’ is your dynamic balance point. It is your core. It doesn’t mean we are always there, it means we always know where to go back to. We go back to Afrika, not always physically, but we always do so, in mind and in our souls, and by tapping into our ancient, indigenous Ancestral Culture to know where we are and what time it is. Kind of like knowing where your home is. It is Ideology, Philosophy, Spirituality, Culture, etc.

Pan-Africanism

 (redirected from What is pan-africanism)
Also found in: Dictionary.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism

Pan-Africanism,

 A general term for various movements in Africa that have as their common goal the unity of Africans and the elimination of colonialism and white supremacy from the continent. However, on the scope and meaning ofPan-Africanism, including such matters as leadership, political orientation, and national as opposed to regional interests, they are widely, often bitterly, divided.

One catalyst for the rapid and widespread development of Pan-Africanism was the colonization of the continent by European powers in the late 19th cent. The First Pan-African Congress, convened in London in 1900, was followed by others in Paris(1919), London and Brussels (1921), London and Lisbon (1923), and New York City (1927). These congresses, organized chiefly by W. E. B. Du Bois

and attended by the North American and West Indian black intelligentsia, did not propose immediate African independence; they favored gradual self-government and interracialism. In 1944, several African organizations in London joined to form the Pan-African Federation, which for the first time demanded African autonomy and independence. The Federation convened (1945) in Manchester the Sixth Pan-African Congress, which included such future political figures as Jomo Kenyatta from Kenya, Kwame Nkrumah from the Gold Coast, S. L. Akintola from Nigeria, WallaceJohnson from Sierra Leone, and Ralph Armattoe from Togo. While at the Manchester Congress, Nkrumah founded the WestAfrican National Secretariat to promote a so-called United States of Africa.

Pan-Africanism as an intergovernmental movement was launched in 1958 with the First Conference of Independent African States in Accra, Ghana. Ghana and Liberia were the only sub-Saharan countries represented; the remainder were Arab and Muslim. Thereafter, as independence was achieved by more African states, other interpretations of Pan-Africanism emerged,including: the Union of African States (1960), the African States of the Casablanca Charter (1961), the African and MalagasyUnion (1961), the Organization of Inter-African and Malagasy States (1962), and the African-Malagasy-Mauritius CommonOrganization (1964).

In 1963 the Organization of African Unity

 (OAU) was founded to promote unity and cooperation among all African states and to bring an end to colonialism; it had 53 members by 1995. The OAU struggled with border disputes, aggression or subversion against one member by another, separatist movements, and the collapse of order in member states. One of its longest commitments and greatest victories was the end of apartheid

and the establishment of majority rule in South Africa. Efforts to promote even greater African economic, social, and political integration led to the establishment in 2001 of the African Union (AU), a successor organization to the OAU modeled on the European Union. The AU fully superseded theOAU in 2002, after a transitional period.

Bibliography

See C. Legum, Pan-Africanism (rev. ed. 1965); R. H. Green and K. G. V. Krishna, Economic Cooperation in Africa (1967); J.Woronoff, Organizing African Unity (1970); I. Geiss, The Pan-African Movement (1974); P. O. Esedebe, Pan-Africanism(1982); C. O. Amate, Inside the OAU; Pan-Africanism in Practice (1987).

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia™ Copyright © 2013, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/

https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/What+is+pan-africanism

Pan-Africanism

Pan-Africanism is an ideology and movement that encourages the solidarity of Africans worldwide. It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to “unify and uplift” people of African descent. The ideology asserts that the fates of all African peoples and countries are intertwined. At its core Pan-Africanism is “a belief that African peoples, both on the continent and in the Diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny”. The largest Pan-African organization is the African Union.

https://www.definitions.net/definition/Pan-Africanism

 Pan-Africanism

^{[ pan-af-ri-kuh-niz-uh m ]}

noun

the idea or advocacy of a political alliance or union of all the African nations.

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/pan-africanism

Pan-Africanism

noun [ U ]

 UK ​ /ˌpænˈæf.rɪ.kəˌnɪ.z^əm/ US ​ /ˌpænˈæf.rɪ.kəˌnɪ.z^əm/​

a belief that people from Africa and their descendants should be united, or a movement toachieve such unity

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/pan-africanism

What is Afrikan-Centeredness?

Being ‘Afrikan-Centered’ is your dynamic balance point. It is your core. It doesn’t mean we are always there, it means we always know where to go back to. We go back to Afrika, not always physically, but we always do so, in mind and in our souls, and by tapping into our ancient, indigenous Ancestral Culture to know where we are and what time it is. Kind of like knowing where your home is. It is Ideology, Philosophy, Spirituality, Culture, etc.

Afrikan-Centeredness

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrocentrism

“Afrikan-Centeredness is to be grounded in a working knowledge of our uncompromised, indigenous Afrikan traditions. It is to be crystal clear about the fact that our indigenous Afrikan Traditions are purely Afrikan and, for this reason, we should interpret the world through the Universe-based, humanistic understanding of our Afrikan Ancestors. It is to think about and act on all planes of reality as they would, knowing they are we and we are they.

Being Centered is to be in sync with the indigenous Afrikan Way, which refers to the manner in which Afrikans have traditionally interpreted and acted in this world (i.e. before European, Arabs, and other foreign contamination). It is reflected in our evolved Cultural imperatives and the spiritual, psychological, and physical manifestations in which we naturally immerse ourselves. It is reflected in that common core of values, beliefs, and practices that run through all Afrikan ethnic groups…. The knowledge that we are our Afrikan Ancestors is enough to know that their traditions are ours. We respect ourselves when, and only when, we think and act in the spirit and Way of our Afrikan Ancestors

The Afrikan-Centered warrior scholar thinks, speaks, and acts in the tradition of Ancestors. But does so aware of where we are and why we are here.”—from the book entitled, “Centered” pp20-21, by Mwalimu K. Bomani Baruti

What is Afrikan Communalism?

How is it different from Communism?
It is different because it came from us and is a much older idea and practice. It is the practice of our deciding our affairs based on having representatives from every area of the countryside coming together on a regular basis and make the decisions in the best interests of Black people collectively. It consists of a Council of Elders, who come together and give wise Council to those representatives of the people and who make the decisions, based on own Ideology, Philosophy, Spirituality, Culture, etc. However, the people would always be present for those decisions, so as to make sure the decisions made were what the people actually wanted.

The question is this: Is Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, or Theocracy our way of governance? The answer is no. All of those ideas are either Euro-Centric or Western Asian. They did not evolve out of our ancient indigenous Afrikan Ancestral Culture.

As we can see, none of these foreign ideologies will work for us because they didn’t evolve from us. Our Ideology, Philosophy, Spirituality, and Culture, if it is to be ‘Pro-Black’, must evolve from us and our Ancestral way. Therefore, it must be based on Black Nationalism, Pan-Afrikanism, Afrikan-Centeredness, and our ancient Ancestral way–of Afrikan Communalism.

Sources

• “Centered”, by Mwalimu K. Bomani Baruti
• “Race First”, by Dr. Tony Martin
• “The Destruction of Black Civilization: Great Issues of a Race from 4500 B.C.—2000 A.D.”, by Dr. Chancellor Williams
• “The Communist Manifesto”, by Karl Marx
• “The Cultural Unity of Black Africa” Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop
• “Black Africa: The Economic and Cultural Basis for a Federated State by Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop
• “Yurugu” by Dr. Marimba Ani
• “Enemies: The Clash of Races by Haki Madhubuti
• Uhuru Na Umoja: Freedom and Socialism, by Julius K. Nyerere

The following two tabs change content below.

• Bio
• Latest Posts

Olatunji Mwamba

I Pronounce my name Oh-LAH-TOON-jee UUM-WAHM-bah I was born June 7, 1954, in Baltimore City, Maryland, The United States of America. I grew up in Baltimore City, Maryland on the Westside until I was 14 years old. We then moved to the Eastside of the City where I lived until Adulthood. I am a straight Black man and I am happily married to my wife, Zakiyah. I am currently 66 years old. I am a father 8 (2 daughters and 6 sons), one step-daughter. I am a grandfather of 14 (9 granddaughters and 5 grandsons) and a great-grandfather of one great-grandson and one great-granddaughter. I am a former member of 'The Black Panther Party For Defense' with my brief membership in the organization from 1969-1970 at the age of 15 (1969) - the age of 16 (1970). My job as a junior Panther was to Chronicle Police Brutality for The Black Panther Party For Defense. I left to pursue a Singing career in 1970. I was introduced to Black Nationalist, Afrikan-Centered knowledge, and Cultural Information by my Jegna, Bilaal Opio Oba in the summer of 1974. I became a staunch Black Nationalist when I was 20 years old, by the fall of 1974. I also converted to Islam in 1974, as well. I even became a Muslim Imam for about 3 1/2 years, between the years of 1977-1981. In addition, starting in 1974, I began a serious study of our History thru reading and studying our Grandmaster Afrikan-Centered scholars, as well. This study has been on-going; my entire adult life. This study of Afrikan-Centered information is a life study and is on-going. However, because of my search for truth, I no longer subscribe to the dictates of Islam. The study of History has provided me with the facts, the evidence, the truth. I continue to study and study is a lifelong profession for me. As to my current stance on issues of religion--any of them, I am not afraid of the facts and the truth. Nor am I afraid of where those facts, the evidence, and the truth might lead me. I've worked in a variety of Black organizations since 1974. I've been seriously studying our story--'the good and the bad' since 1974, trying to understand how we as a race have found ourselves in our current circumstances. And most importantly, trying to figure how we can get out of it. Once I became aware of our circumstance I began to do all I could to change it. I began living a more Afrikan-Centered cultural lifestyle. I changed my name legally in 1977, to make sure none of my children would carry on that Caucasian slave name that our mortal enemies had forced onto my Ancestors. I refused to pass down that Caucasian surname to my progeny. So, I made sure that all of my children had Afrikan first names, middle names, and my surname. And my children, who have Afrikan names, range in ages of 40 years of age, down to 5. I've read all or most of the major works of our most Esteemed scholars and writers and I've done so multiple times too. Scholars and writers such as Dr. Yosef Ben Jochannan, Dr. John Henrk Clarke, Dr. Chancellor Williams, Dr. John G. Jackson, Dr. Marimba Ani, Dr. Charles Finch, Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop, Dr. Theophile Obenga, Dr. Frances Cress Welsing, Dr. Amos Wilson, Dr. Bobby Wright, Dr. Ivan Van Sertima, Tdka Maat Kilimanjaro Ph.D., George G. M. James, Dr. Jacob Carruthers, Dr. Charsee McCintire, Dr. Joy Degruy, Malcolm X, Marcus Garvey, Mwalimu K. Bomani Baruti, The Irritated Genie Of Soufeese, Del Jones, and so many others. And I've read their works multiple times too. At one point in time, I also co-hosted a radio program in Baltimore City on WEAA, Morgan State University Radio, 88.9 FM, with my good friend, sister Nalungo Sayyed for few years, as well. I try to adhere to the best in Afrikan Culture. I am Shemsu Ma'at (a follower of Ma'at). I'd like to part with this quote. "Be not arrogant because of your knowledge. Seek Counsel from the ignorant, as well as with the wise. For the limits of knowledge in any field have never been set. And no one has ever reached them. Wisdom is rarer than emeralds. And yet, it can be found among the women who gather at the grindstones"---The Teachings of Ptahotep" Author of the books entitled (1) "An Afrikan-Centered Response to the LGBTQIA Organizations and their Agenda: The Conversation no one wants to have" , by Olatunji Mwamba (2) "Raising Awareness: Past, Present, Future" by Olatunji Mwamba Sba, and Mkuu Mzee, Sba I am a member of "The Raising Awareness Group".

Latest posts by Olatunji Mwamba (see all)

• “Proper response to Caucasians who are the descendants of the perpetrators of the Trans Atlantic Slave kidnappings, Chattel Slavery, and the System of white-Supremacy/white-Terrorism, when discussing how we should assess and feel about those atrocities their ancestors committed and still commit against us” - August 29, 2023
• “Elders Keep It Real” by Olatunji Mwamba, Sba - March 27, 2022
• New Book entitled, “”An Afrikan-Centered Response to the LGBTQIA Organizations and Their Agenda: The Conversation no one wants to have”, by Olatunji Mwamba - May 5, 2021